{"id":561,"date":"2017-04-24T06:57:16","date_gmt":"2017-04-24T04:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bibliogonzalokorreas.com\/WP_CNS\/?page_id=561"},"modified":"2017-09-20T10:23:22","modified_gmt":"2017-09-20T08:23:22","slug":"a-heart-of-seven-valves","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/?page_id=561","title":{"rendered":"A HEART OF SEVEN VALVES"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Supporting information<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Original videos of our \u00a0investigation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"550\"><!-- Cabecera --><\/p>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/m6cFhgvz7O4?ecver=2\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<p><!-- Celda de cabecera de la columna 1 --><\/p>\n<th height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/m6cFhgvz7O4?ecver=2\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<p><!-- Celda de cabecera de la columna 2 --><\/p>\n<th height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/p9NgqVDYjl8\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/th>\n<p><!-- Celda de cabecera de la columna 3 --><\/tr>\n<p><!-- Primera fila --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aN5e0SHYWnA\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<p><!-- Primera celda de la primera fila --><\/p>\n<td height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CfihvUctloM\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<p><!-- Segunda celda de la primera fila --><\/p>\n<td height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_YZc3zLvHzQ\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<p><!-- Tercera celda de la primera fila --><\/tr>\n<p><!-- Segunda fila --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CDUloefpO5U\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<p><!-- Primera celda de la segunda fila --><\/p>\n<td height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KHDGg0XUnAI\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<p><!-- Segunda celda de la segunda fila --><\/p>\n<td height=\"100\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 10%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4H0u6PrpaE4\" width=\"160\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<p><!-- Tercera celda de la segunda fila --><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Heart of Seven Valves.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>On the structure and mechanics <em>in vivo<\/em> of the ostial cells and the aortic valve of the <em>Drosophila melanogaster <\/em>larva heart by analyzing high resolution microscopic images <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Authors: <strong>Claudia Rodr\u00edguez\u00a0 Rodr\u00edguez\u00a0 y\u00a0\u00a0 Juan S\u00e1nchez Mateos.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Coordinator: <strong>Jes\u00fas Manj\u00f3n S\u00e1nchez<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>High School: <strong>IES\u00a0 Maestro Gonzalo Korreas.\u00a0\u00a0 10400 Jara\u00edz (C\u00e1ceres, Spain)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Three courses ago, being in the first cycle of ESO, we investigated the cardiac beat <em>in vivo<\/em> of the zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) and larvae and pupae of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) which \u00a0we grew up in our centre on our own. Two principles\u00a0 guided our first scientific work: the observation of the vital activity of the early stages of the development of these organisms by non-invasive techniques and the use of modern techniques of digital processing\u00a0 of scientific images. That allowed us to get a fine quantitative analysis and to come conclusions based on the high spatial and temporal resolution of HD video images captured by compact cameras through the microscope eyepiece.<\/p>\n<p><em>Drosophila melanogaster <\/em>\u00a0is one of the most useful invertebrate models\u00a0\u00a0 in the research of\u00a0\u00a0 both normal\u00a0 and pathologic physiology\u00a0\u00a0 of the human heart. The larvae have a dorsal tubular vessel\u00a0 which has got a total of three pairs of ostiolar\u00a0 valves (incurrent) and one intracardiac aortic valve (excurrent). However, little is known about its pumping\u00a0 mechanics, and the activity of its ostia cells and much it is\u00a0 assumed. Furthermore, the biomechanics\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0 both\u00a0\u00a0 the ostia\u00a0 cells and the aortic valve have not\u00a0 been widely discussed\u00a0 in the scientific literature, showing a certain degree of ignorance of both their function and their \u00a0\u00a0structure <em>in vivo<\/em>. Even it is said that that cardiac contraction is peristaltic. In our research we show\u00a0 several findings obtained \u00a0\u00a0through the Full HD\u00a0 recordings of the activity of the larval heart and\u00a0\u00a0 its cells.<\/p>\n<p>The objectives of our research have been: firstly, \u00a0to get \u00a0Full HD video recordings of the\u00a0 <em>in vivo\u00a0 <\/em>activity\u00a0 of the\u00a0 wild type <em>Drosophila melanogaster <\/em>larval heart and secondly, \u00a0to test three strong related hypothesis about cardiac mechanics of the fruit fly in its larval stages. The \u00a0first hypothesis holds \u00a0that the three pairs of ostiolar valves are\u00a0 formed by pairs of cells that open\/close\u00a0 passively each one of the\u00a0 ostioles like\u00a0 bipartite clack valves. The \u00a0second one is that despite its length \u00a0the proper heart \u00a0contracts and expands\u00a0 as a whole as it happens in the embryo. And the \u00a0third one is that\u00a0 there exists a unique intracardiac valve in the larvae, the aortic valve, which is made up by two big occlusive cells that act passively and mark the beginning of the aorta.<\/p>\n<p>In order to test all this, we recorded, in Full HD video, the \u00a0cardiac activity of <em>Drosophila melanogaster<\/em> larvae\u00a0 without harming them. After processing\u00a0 the scientific images digitally, that we previously had obtained, \u00a0we performed a fine both spatially and temporally analysis\u00a0 of both their structure and mechanics\u00a0 in order to\u00a0 test the \u00a0three above mentioned hypothesis.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, we strongly believe that we provide enough evidence to doubt about\u00a0 the passive nature attributed to the ostiolar cells in the mentioned hypothesis. At the same time, we\u00a0 have got unique \u00a0images\u00a0 of the ostiolar cells of the <em>Drosophila<\/em> larva\u00a0\u00a0 in action. And, finally, we can say now that the <em>Drosophila<\/em> larva heart contracts and expands as\u00a0 a whole, as in the embryo. There is not a\u00a0 peristaltic wave that progresses from the posterior end to the anterior \u00a0region of the heart \u00a0as it was \u00a0said and believed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supporting information Original videos of our \u00a0investigation. &nbsp; &nbsp; A Heart of Seven Valves. On the structure and mechanics in vivo of the ostial cells and the aortic valve of the Drosophila melanogaster larva heart by analyzing high resolution microscopic images Authors: Claudia Rodr\u00edguez\u00a0 Rodr\u00edguez\u00a0 y\u00a0\u00a0 Juan S\u00e1nchez Mateos. Coordinator: Jes\u00fas Manj\u00f3n S\u00e1nchez High School: &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/?page_id=561\">Seguir leyendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/561"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=561"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":672,"href":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/561\/revisions\/672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iesmgkorreas.com\/ciencias2014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}